Graphs paths and circuits, trees and fundamental circuits, cut ‐ sets and cut - vertices, planar and dual graphs, vector spaces of graphs, matrix representation of graphs; transport networks, maximal flow, linear programming, minimal cut, maxflow ‐ mincut theorem, minimal ‐ cost flows, multicommodity flow, activity network, game theory.

Graphics hardware and display devices; graphics primitives‐ drawing lines and curves; 2D and 3D transformations; segments and their applications; generating curves, surfaces and volumes in 3D, wire‐frame models, Bezier and spline curves and surfaces; geometric modeling‐ elementary geometric algorithms for polygons, boundary representations, constructive solid geometry, spatial data structures; hidden surface and line elimination; rendering‐ shading, light models, realistic image synthesis techniques, textures and image‐based rendering; video games and computer animation.

Overview: functions of Operating systems, layered architecture; basic concept; interrupt architecture, system calls and notion of a process and threads; synchronization and protection issues; scheduling; memory management including virtual memory management including virtual memory and paging techniques; i/o architecture and device management; file systems; distributed file systems; Case studies of Unix, Windows NT.

Nature of Radar and Applications, Simple form of Radar Equation, Radar Block Diagram and Operation, Prediction of Range Performance, Minimum Detectable Signal, Radar Receivers, Transmitter Power, CW and Frequency Modulated Radar, MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar, Tracking Radar, Detection of Radar Signals in Noise, Airborne Radar, Space borne Radar, Synthesis aperture radar, SHAR and MST radar.

Introduction to microwave integrated circuits: Active and passive components. Analysis of microstrip lines: variational method, conformal transformation, numerical analysis; losses in microstrip lines; Slot line and Coupled lines; Design of power dividers and combiners, directional couplers, hybrid couplers, filters. Microstrip lines on ferrite and garnet substrates; Isolators and circulators; Lumped elements in MICs. Technology of MICs: Monolithic and hybrid substrates; thin and thick film technologies, computer aided design.
 

Cellular Concept: Frequency Reuse, Channel Assignment, Hand Off, Interference and SystemCapacity, Tracking And Grade Of Service, Improving Coverage and Capacity In Cellular Systems.Mobile Radio Propagation :Free Space Propagation Model, Outdoor Propagation Models, Indoor Propagation Models, Small Scale Multipath Propagation, Impulse Model, Small Scale Multipath Measurements, Parameters Of Mobile Multipath Channels, Types Of Small Scale Fading, Statistical Models For Multipath Fading Channels.

Introduction to number theory – Symmetric key and Public key crypto systems which includes pseudorandom functions and permutations, block ciphers, symmetric encryption schemes, security of symmetric encryption schemes, hash functions, message authentication codes (MACs), security of MACs, PKI, public‐key(asymmetric) encryption, digital signatures, security of asymmetric encryption and digital signature scheme. Chaos base cryptography systems – quantum computing – introduction to smartcard technology.

Sources - memory less and Markov; Information; Entropy; Extended sources; Shannon’s noiseless coding theorem; Source coding; Mutual information; Channel capacity; BSC and other channels; Shannon's channel capacity theorem; Continuous channels; Comparison of communication systems based on Information Theory; Channel Coding - block and convolutional. Block codes majority logic decoding; Viterbi decoding algorithm; Coding gains and performance.

Review of P-N junction characteristics – semiconductor-heterojunction-LEDs (spontaneous emission-LED structure-surface emitting-Edge emitting-Injection efficiency-recombination efficiency-LED characteristics-spectral response-modulation-Bandwidth. Laser diodes-Basic principle-condition for gain-Laser action-population inversion-stimulated emission-Injection faster diode-structure temperature effects-modulation-comparison between LED and ILDs.

Introduction, Manufacturing process: CMOS integrated circuits, Device Physics: MOSFET, CMOS inverter: Characteristics, Static and Dynamic Logic Gates, Sequential logic Gates, Implementation for Digital ICs. Timing Issues in Digital Circuits, Designing Memory and Array Structures.