1.Introduction: Moore’s law and technology development. International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS); Technology and material challenges limiting Moore’s law.

2.Contacts: Fabrication of Junction, Metal-semiconductor contacts, Schottky barrier. Contact resistance: 2-probe and 4-probe measurements; Kelvin and van der Pau structures; pn junctions: carrier transport. Equilibrium conditions, Steady state conditions, Transients and AC conditions.

1. Physics at low temperature: production and measurement at ultra-low temperatures. Hecryostats, adiabatic and nuclear demagnetization, dilution refrigerators, Pomeranchuk effect, physical properties of materials at low temperatures. Electrical transport, thermal,mechanical, optical and magnetic properties. Bose-Einstein condensates, BEC in ultra-coldatomic gases. Superfluidity: superfluid 4He, classical and quantum fluids, macroscopic wavefunction, superfluid properties of He-II, flow quantization and vortices, the momentum distribution, quasi-particle excitations. Second sound.

Time Complexity Analysis: Big-Oh, Big-Omega, and Big-Theta notations. Data Types and Abstract Data Types (ADTs):Various types of ADTs such as List, Set, Queue, Circular Queue, Trees, Graphs, etc.2-3 Trees, Red-Black Trees, Binary Trees, Search Trees, N-ary Trees. Graph Traversals and Searching:BFS (Breadth-First Search), DFS (Depth-First Search), Spanning Tree, Minimum Spanning Tree, Paths, Shortest Paths, TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem). Data Structures for Maintaining Ranges, Intervals, and Disjoint Sets with Applications.

Selection of materials – structure of solids, crystal structure – defects in crystals, free energy concept – alloying – principles of solidification – phase diagrams – concept of heat treatment – properties of materials, mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties – testing of materials – semiconductor materials – ceramics, synthesis and processing – polymers, classification, mechanism of formation, structure property relations, characterization – composites, classification, factors influencing properties, processing.

Vector Calculus: scalar and vector fields – level surfaces – directional derivatives, gradient, curl, divergence – Laplacian – line and surface integrals – theorems of Green, Gauss, and Stokes.

Sequences and Series of Functions: complex sequences – sequences of functions – uniform convergence of series – test for convergence – uniform convergence for series of functions.

Basic Experiments in Low Speed Wind Tunnels – Measurement of Aerodynamic Forces and Moments – Measurements of Pressure and Velocity – Flow Visualisation Techniques – Transient Flows: Shock Waves, Detonation – Experiments in Supersonic Flows – Optical Flow Visualisation Methods – Measurement of Flow Generated Sound.

Study of Pull Up - Pull Down Maneuver – Flight Simulator – Flight Controls of a Helicopter – Propeller Performance Testing – Measurement of Performance Parameters in Flight.

Selection of materials – structure of solids, crystal structure – defects in crystals, free energy concept – alloying – principles of solidification – phase diagrams – concept of heat treatment – properties of materials, mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties – testing of materials – semiconductor materials – ceramics, synthesis and processing – polymers, classification, mechanism of formation, structure property relations, characterization – composites, classification, factors influencing properties, processing.

Electricity: curvilinear coordinates – conservative vector fields and their potential functions –Gauss’ theorem, Stokes’ theorem – physical applications in electrostatics – electrostatic po-tential and field due to discrete and continuous charge distributions – dipole and quadrupole moments – energy density in an electric field – dielectric polarization – conductors and capaci-tors – electric displacement vector – dielectric susceptibility.