The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation; Solid angle, Fundamental of radiometric quantities, Concepts of scattering, absorption and polarization of radiation, Quantitative description of radiation; Blackbody Radiation: The Plank Function, Wiens displacement Law, The StefanBoltzmann Law; Kirchoff’s Law, Radiative equilibrium.

Absorption line profiles: Line formation and line shape, Absorption and emission by gas molecules, Physics of scattering and absorption by particles, Rayleigh Scattering, Raman Scattering, Lorentz-Mie theory of light scattering, Geometric Optics.

Internal Structure of Earth:

Introduction to Earth and formation theories. Seismicity and earth’s interior. Compositional and Rheological divisions of Earth; crust, mantle and core; discontinuities. Mineralogy and Earth Resources. Minerals, ores, petroleum, coal and natural gas- their origin, structure and composition, accumulation/migration, source/reservoir rocks, distribution in space and time. General physical, chemical and optical properties of common rock forming minerals.

Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary Petrology:

Unit I:

Physical properties of Sea water, density of sea water, density parameters, specific volume anomaly, Temperature, Salinity, Cholorinity and their determination, distribution of temperature, salinity and density in space and time, The oceanic Mixed Layer and Thermocline, Sea level variation, acoustical and optical properties of sea water, Formation and classification of water masses, T-S diagram and Water masses of the world ocean.

Concept of fluid, Continum model, Lagrange and Eulerian description of fluid flow, continuity, momentum and energy equations, boundary layer theory, turbulent flow, Inertial

Programming in the context of processing of raster, vector and tabular geospatial data.Basic principles of programming, including languages and syntax, paradigms, variables, control flow and functions. IDL, python, and R. Image spatial datastructures - and spatial databases – Structured query language- ADT, spatial ADTs and their operations,Spatial data structures and spatial indexing.

Linear Algebra:  n- dimensional Euclidean spaces, linear transformation, Matrices, Eigen values and Eigen vectors, Generalised  inverses, SVD.

Numerical Methods: Numerical Solution of nonlinear equations, Direct and iterative methods to solve system of linear equations, Numerical integration – Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule, Interpolation, Splines and curve fitting, Numerical solution of ODE –Euler’s method and 4th order Runge- Kutta Method.

Introduction: Basics of geometrics, Projection and coordinate system, Camera calibration - representation of digital images B/W, RGB, HIS, CCD cameras, time delay integration, spectral sensitivity of CCD sensor, geometry problem of CCD image - , image measurement, coordinate system, image movement, image transformation, geometric and radiometric transformation - Vertical aerial photographs: Parallax, Stereo model - Tilted photos: Rectification, Mathematical photogrammetric principles, Analog vs Analytical vs Digital models - Orientation: Interior, Relative, Absolute - Collinearity and Copla

Electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter, Spectral signatures, image formation remote sensors and platforms, resolutions, radiometric and geometric distortions, thermal remote sensing, spectral indices, classification techniques, image transformations, intensity transformations, spatial filtering, image formats, noise reduction, image segmentation.Introduction to Geographic Information System (GIS) - Hardware, Software, Data types and models-Spatial data quality, Thematic maps, Symbolization, Scale and generalization - Co-ordinate systems, Map projections and visualization