Syllabus

Ray optics, Postulates of ray optics, Simple optical components, Matrix optics, The Ray-transfer matrix and Gaussian ray Optics, Wave and Electromagnetic optics, Elementary waves, Paraxial approximation, Effects of simple optical components on optical waves, Specular and diffuse reflection, refraction, transmission, absorption and scattering.
Interference, diffraction and interferometers, Speckle and its application, Theory of optical coherence: Spatial and temporal coherence, van Cittert-Zernike theorem and its applications, Intensity interferometers, Phase problem of optics, Holography, Fourier transforms spectroscopy.
Polarized light, Stokes parameters, Jones and Muller matrices, Partial polarization.
Optical Imaging and Optical Instruments: The human eye, Microscopes and Telescopes, Confocal microscopes, Phase contrast microscope, Incoherent imaging techniques-X-ray tomography as an example, Optical coherence tomography, Polarimetric imaging, Synthetic aperture radar construction and application, LIDAR.            
Non-linear optics: Nonlinear optical media, second and third harmonic generation, parametric generation of light.            
Photon Optics: The Bohr atom, Energy Levels, Wave-particle duality, Light Quanta, Energy, momentum and velocity of photons, Development of quantum mechanics, Taylor’s experiment.