Introduction: Electronic Hardware Design – Requirement and Challenges, Overview of Design tools (LTSPICE, Microcontroller usage and coding, PCB Design softwares)

Stage 1: Design, Simulation, Analysis and Implementation of a typical (analog + digital) electronic module. Realization and testing of a bread-boarded model, followed by PCB schematic design. Fabrication of PCB using etching machine. Preferably Two students in a batch

Stage 2: Execution of an electronic design case study (preferably individual projects) and demonstrate its real-time working and applications.

Overview of CMOS device fundamentals (DC Characteristics, AC Characteristics, Processing overview). CMOS inverters, Static and Dynamic characteristics, Dynamic behavior, transition time, Propagation Delay, Power Consumption. MOS Circuit Layout & Simulation, Stick diagrams, Layout design rules, MOS device layout, Transistor layout, Inverter layout, circuits layout Combinational logic, Static MOS, Complementary MOS, Ratioed logic, Pass Transistor logic, Complex logic circuits, DSL, DCVSL, Transmission gate logic. Dynamic MOS design, Dynamic logic families and their performance.

Basic MOS device. Overview of non-ideal behaviour of deep sub-micron MOS transistors. Analysis and design of current mirrors and current sources. Analysis and design of single stage amplifiers, differential amplifiers: Small signal analysis, frequency response, noise, linearity. Analysis and design of OTA circuits – differential pair, cascodes, folded-cascodes, two-stage OTAs. Stability, frequency compensation, MRR, PSRR. Feedback. Fully differential op-amps, CMFB. Bandgap references. Output stages. Switched-capacitor circuits, comparators.

Broad-stroke overview – History of Microsystem Technology with overview on commercial products, Sensing & Actuation Principles of Microsystems, Applications-MEMS Materials and Fabrication Technology Microelectronic technologies for MEMS, Micromachining Technology: Surface and Bulk Micromachining, -Design and modelling of MEMS/Microsystem: Mechanics of MEMS/Microsystems- Elasticity-Stress/strain analysis of beams, membranes etc., thin film stress-Dynamics of Microsystems MEMS Transduction Mechanisms: Optical, piezoelectric, piezoresistive, FET based transduction etc.

Review of quantum mechanics, E-K diagrams, effective mass, electrons and holes in semiconductors, band diagram of silicon, carrier concentration, carrier statistics, carrier transport, junction devices(P-N junction, Metal –semiconductor junctions, solar cells etc.), MOS capacitor as a building block for MOSFETs (Ideal MOS, real/Non ideal MOS, band diagrams, C-V characteristics, electrostatics of a MOSCAP), MOSFET, I-V characteristics, scaling, short channel and narrow channel effects, high field effects, Reliability of transistor.

Introduction to C: 'Hello World!' program, Fizz-buzz program, and Fizz-Buzz-Zazz program.

Micro controllers and DSP: Getting started with Code composer studio/ PSoC Creator: Architecture and review of Digital Signal Controllers/ microcontroller (PSoC), Architecture of PSoC-5 LP, PSoC Creator edit and debug modes, blinking of an LED with one second ON, half second OFF

• Refer Elective List

Vectors: Representation and Dot products, Norms, Matrices: The Four Fundamental Spaces of a Matrix, The Matrix as a Linear Operator, The Geometry associated with matrix operations, Inverses and Generalized Inverses, Matrix factorization/Decompositions, rank of a matrix, Matrix Norms.

Basics of feedback control: History and motivation for feedback; terminologies, Frequency response, Stability concepts, Bandwidth, Transient response, closed loop design specifications w.r.t tracking and disturbance rejection, Sensitivity to parameter variations. Linear Control System Design Techniques: PD, PI and PID controllers, Lead and Lag compensators, Controller design with root locus technique, frequency response technique and state-space technique.

Introduction to Modern Control Theory: Introduction to state‐space versus transform methods in linear systems; internal versus input/output formulation; discrete‐time and continuous‐ time systems; Solution to LTI and LTV systems for homogeneous and non-homogeneous cases. Computation of matrix exponentials using Laplace transforms and Jordan Normal form. Applications of Eigen values and Eigen vectors.

Introduction to Nonlinear systems: Non-linear elements in control systems, overview of analysis methods. Phase plane analysis: Concepts of phase plane analysis, Phase plane analysis of linear and nonlinear systems, Existence of limit cycles. Fundamentals of Liapunov theory: Nonlinear systems and equilibrium points, Concepts of stability, Linearization and local stability, Lyapunov’s direct method, Invariant set theorems, Lyapunov analysis of LTI systems, Krasovskii’s method, Variable gradient method, Physically motivated Lyapunov functions.