Syllabus

Basic concepts, composition of the atmosphere, equation of state, hydrostatic equilibrium, first law of thermodynamics, application of first law, entropy, second law, heat capacity, dry adiabatic processes, transfer processes, moist thermodynamic processes in atmosphere, static stability, cloud characteristics and processes, Global energy and entropy balances, thermodynamic feedback in the climate system, thermodynamic diagrams.

Cloud Physics: Types of clouds, Cloud microphysical processes, growth of cloud droplets, condensation, collision and coalescence, Bergeron-Findeisen theory, rain formation, cold and warm clouds, artificial rainmaking. Effects of Aerosols on Clouds: Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Cloud Droplet Spectra, and Precipitation (Heterogeneous Nucleation of water vapour condensation, Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Development of Cloud Droplet Spectra, Effects of Clouds on Aerosols: Nucleation of Aerosol in and near Clouds.