In an electrochemical sensor, the electro catalytic activity of the electrode plays a significant role in sensing analytes at a low concentration. The electro catalytic property of the electrode depends on the electron transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface, surface area, and electrical conductivity of the electrode material. Though the graphene-based materials have a large surface area, fast electron transfer, and excellent electrical conductivity and have great application potential in chemical/biological sensors, they suffer limitations due to restacking. Hybrid graphene synthesized by incorporating graphene nanoribbon carbon spacers can overcome this limitation and enhance the hybrid material's surface area and electron mobility. We have synthesized the hybrid graphene consisting of graphene sheets and graphene nanoribbon (GS/GNR) modified with N2/Ar plasma treatment (N2/Ar/GS/GNR) and applied as electrode material for the simultaneous detection of dopamine, uric acid, ascorbic acid.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of highly ordered crystalline materials with a porous structure formed by the association of metal ions (or clusters) and multifunctional organic linkers. MOFs have drawn a considerable amount of research interest in recent years because of their excellent properties like high porosity, large specific surface area, highly dispersed metal components, presence of numerous unsaturated metal centers, and chemical tunability. We are working on the three categories of MOF-based materials synthesized, namely, (i) composite of MOF (Ni-MOF/RGO) and (ii) bimetallic MOFs (Ru-Cu-TMA and Ag-Cu-TMA), Zr and Ni-based MOFs with various organic ligands, and (iii) MOF derived carbon. A composite of MOF material formed by the interaction of MOF and RGO preserves the inherent advantages of both while solving the poor conductivity of MOF. The synergic effect arose from the combination of the materials yields composites with enhanced electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, and multi-channels for ion transport for electrochemical sensing applications and applied for electrochemical sensing of caffeine. v